Although international arbitration has achieved a substantial level of independence from state courts, the role of such courts is still important for effectiveness of arbitral proceedings. Interactions between state courts and arbitral tribunals may be particularly intensive in those areas in which tribunals and state courts have parallel or concurrent competence in the course of arbitration. State courts play an important part in the examination of the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal in a given case. Such an examination may take place before initiation of arbitration if the other party raises a charge of arbitration agreement in separate proceedings, or during arbitration itself when the state courts can control the decision of the arbitral tribunal on its jurisdiction. The state court’s decision that arbitration is the proper forum for hearing parties’ dispute is binding both on the arbitral tribunal and the parties themselves. It is also binding on the state courts in post-arbitration proceedings as far as these may concern the circumstances which the court examined when it referred the parties to arbitration. Various interactions between state courts and arbitral tribunal may take place in the course of deciding on temporary relief (formally known as the securing of claims).